LLI Class: Colony Beginnings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Fpa7deG18U A Trip Down the Great Wagon Road (4)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVPH8Dm8bWU German Emigration (3)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umVKv3I4IGc Pirates of Charleston
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGfzDNfw2f0 Ballast Stones of Charleston
https://study.com/academy/lesson/yamasee-war-summary-facts.html Yamasee War
Better Yamasee Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rc6z4aDlM2Q
https://www.pbs.org/video/beyond-barbados-the-carolina-connection-qftqnv/ Barbados and South Carolina
https://www.knowitall.org/video/first-european-settlers-conversations-sc-history Conversations in South Carolina History
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CzaynuPTUjQ Founding of Carolinas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=svlDkY8gXNM Moravians: Germany to Pennsylvania to North Carolina (2)
"The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren . . . . is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity . . .The church's heritage can be traced to 1457 . . . . Its name is derived from exiles who fled from Moravia to Saxony in 1722 to escape the Counter-Reformation . . . .
The modern Unitas Fratrum has about one million members worldwide, continuing their tradition of missionary work, such as in the Americas and Africa and . . .many of the same practices established in the 18th century, including placing a high value on a personal conversion to Christ, called the New Birth, and piety, good works, evangelism, including the establishment of missions, Christian pacifism, ecumenism, and music."--https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEMHxUlFtgI Scotch-Irish Presbyterians: Scotland to Ireland to Pennsylvania to North Carolina (1)
"In a number of significant ways the cultural values developed by the Scots Irish during their time in Ulster shaped their cultural influence in the United States. This experience created a set of influences that were somewhat distinct from that brought . . .by those Scots who travelled directly from their homeland . . When these hardy travelling people moved . . . from Scotland to Ulster they exchanged a society that was still largely feudal for a more individualistic way of life. This developed the self-confidence and 'can do' individualism of the Scots Irish which greatly enhanced their mastery of the American frontier."--https://discoverulsterscots.com/emigration-influence/america/ulster-scots-america/ulster-virginia/scots-irish-cultural-influences#:~:text=The%20Scots%20Irish%20shared%20with,with%20ecclesiastical%20forms%20of%20Government.
https://innonbathcreek.com/significance-historic-bath/ Bath, NC
https://www.pbs.org/video/the-li-witch-trial-whitesbog-a-fruitful-heritage-1zoepg/ Witch Scare in Long Island?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOEox_BwhiM ADAMS, COUNTY, PA IN FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWTCVBz81H0 "FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Events in Western Pennsylvania"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEzVgywtx6A rugged French and Indian war site in PA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaaBxdJMALU PLAN FOR PENNYSYLVANIA
https://www.pbs.org/video/njtvnews-behind-bergen-countys-blue-laws/ BLUE LAWS IN BERGEN, NJ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usUM2mqNZ0Y New Netherland
https://ourbigfamilyhistory.com/2015/10/28/the-phantom-ship-2/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yp_l5ntikaU
New Sweden https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKjTlecIOfU
French Huguenots https://www.knowitall.org/video/french-huguenot-exodus-hanover-house
https://www.pbs.org/video/jamestown-s-jane-reflects-grim-reality-of-early-settlers-1374787889/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYsKl5DQlqg. Mass Bay Colony
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VayrvCkjANM Puritans
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVRSwQh6zgQ Witchcraft in Salem
https://youtu.be/egMWlD3fLJ8 Born to Be Wild
Extreme Calvinists from England
Predestination
Infant Baptism
Plain Dress
Simplicity--very little ornamentation
or ceremony
Streamlined worship practices
Take over C. of England< >Separate from C. of England
and give power to individual ♦
Congregations PLYMOUTH
♦
MASSACHUSETTS BAY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsxrJ0f91aU Maryland Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB32_DWEUq8. Plymouth Video
Jamestown 22 January
Slavery 29 January
America 26 February
Lesson 6: New Netherland and Its Legacy 4 March
Lesson 7: Puritan High Tide: Mass.,Conn., N.H., and Native Americans. 11 March
Lesson 8: Puritan Roadblocks: Long Island, NJ, VA, MD, RI. 18 March
Lesson 9: Pennsylvania and the Great Wagon Road. 25 March
Lesson 10: The South and the Caribbean Connection. 8 April
Renegade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8j741TUIET0
Opechancanough: https://www.history.com/news/opechancanough-powhatan-chief-1622-attack-jamestown
Roanoke Island Survivors?: https://www.ancient-origins.net/videos/roanoke-descendants-0018807
House of Burgesses: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xv1PMQPe90Q
Colony of Maryland: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsxrJ0f91aU
Lost Colony: https://www.nps.gov/media/video/view.htm?id=22A55DE7-EC9F-17FE-47F637CD21E816E8
West Country Men: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZ1glxX1BiQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hfn5BZZBpoU Ft. Sumter Animated Map
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/maps/first-manassas-animated-map First Manassas Animated Map
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gcZWJEXSKs. Ashokan Farewell, Burns' "Civil War"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fY1lmeL22jg
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1387857/modern-slavery-world-region/
Unforgiving Press, Constituents, and Comrades
When Lee failed to recruit well in western Virginia or defeat McClellan there in 1861: "GRANNY LEE"
When Lee was in charge of coastal defenses: "THE GREAT ENTRENCHER"
McClellan's very slow Peninsula Campaign: "THE VIRGINIA CREEPER"
Nathaniel P. Banks' continuous loss of Union supplies to Jackson: "COMMISSARY BANKS"
Harrisburg Patriot & Union on the Gettysburg Address: "THE SILLY REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT"
Chicago Times, ON THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS: "The cheeks of every American must tingle with shame as he reads the SILLY, FLAT, AND DISHWATERY UTTERANCES."
Northern press after Grant's attack on Cold Harbor: "THE BUTCHER"
“If he [JEFFERSON DAVIS] were to die today, the whole country would rejoice at it.”--P.G.T. BEAUREGARD, Southern General
"GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN INSANE."--Wire Services in the fall of 1861 when Sherman remarked it would take 200,000 men to win the war.
"He [McCLELLAN] has already done more to give strength and vigor to the rebellion than Jeff Davis." --Interior Secretary Caleb B. Smith
https://practicalpie.com/kohlbergs-stages-of-moral-development/
1) If Harriet Tubman used a pistol to keep her group from turning back while on the underground railroad, this would be the ______________level.
2) If citizens of Richmond did not try to provide extra food to Union prisoners at Libby Prison, this would be the ________________level.
HS222506 “States of Disbelief” Lesson 1: Sept. 11
1. Contrary to what secessionists said, legislation, judicial rulings, and
tariffs seemed to be going in the South’s favor in the mid-nineteenth
century.
2. The Nordic peoples known as Vikings held many slaves.
3. During the Crusades, religion was used as a reason to enslave.
4. Sadly, the African slave trade transcended both the
Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
5. European use of Native Americans for labor declined because the number of Native Americans declined astronomically.
6. Raleigh and his Protestants started plantations in Ireland.
7. The rights of blacks diminished in Virginia as the 17th century
progressed.
8. The North developed a manufacturing economy, whereas the South
thrived upon agriculture.
“If Slavery is Not Wrong, Nothing is
Wrong.”
Elizabeth Keckley of Dinwiddie. Wikipedia.org
Winfield Scott of Dinwiddie--Wikipedia.org
Henry "Box" Brown of Louisa. Wikipedia.org
Fall, 2023 Syllabus
1 : Background on slavery
Differences among American regions
2: Laws leading to the Kansas-Nebraska Act
The War begins in Kansas in 1855
Kansas and Missouri
3: Kansas and Missouri
Rise of Lincoln
Last Days of John Brown
Election of 1860
Sumter
4: Election of 1860
Demographics and Diversity
Border States
1861 and Early 1862
5: Anglo-American tensions
Age of Ironclads
War in the Southwest
Peninsula Campaign
Shiloh Lesson
6: Valley Campaign
Invasion of Maryland
7: Battle for the Mississippi
Fredericksburg
Lifestyle Changes
8: Diversity
Numbers
Gettysburg
Medicine
9: Grant Advances Despite Tremendous Losses
Sherman Wreaks Havoc
Election of 1864
10: Petersburg
Tennessee
Societal Changes
Lee's Testimony Before a Congressional Committee, 1866--Why Most Oppose a Statue:
https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/robert-e-lees-testimony-before-congress-february-17-1866/
SUMMER, 2023
https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/supreme-court/tracking-major-supreme-court-cases-rcna69594
Lesson 1--Privileges and Immunities--To What Extent Do States Recipocrate?
Lesson 2--Assembly, Expression and Civil Rights
Lesson 3--Rights of Public School Students--Appropriate Language, Drug Testing
Lesson 4--State Regulation of the Workplace, College Admission Affirmative Action
Lesson 5--Right to Work vs. Worker Abuse, Public School Purpose vs. Students' Rights
Course # HS231526
eblackwe58@gmail.com. Instructor: I18043
Intended Syllabus--Subject to Change Due to Arbitary Whims
LLI 2023
1 Double Jeopardy 2/6
Everett Green (1957), having been convicted by a jury of second degree murder, could not be retried by a jury for first degree murder.
Terance Gamble could be tried under state law by Alabama for illegal possession of a gun. Then, because there was a separate federal law, he could be tried by the U.S. for illegal possession of a gun. This is DUAL SOVEREIGNTY.
2 Interstate Commerce 2/13
CB radio is interstate commerce and can be regulated by the FCC and federal law, but a judge erred by telling a jury that "obscene" language pertains to the prurient, when, by law, the "dominant theme" of the language must be prurient to be obscene. [Gagliardo vs. U.S, 1966].
The Interstate Commerce Clause does not mean all federal laws automatically apply to the states. A Texas student (Lopez) who possessed a gun in school while serving as a gobetween in a local transaction could NOT be convicted under a federal Gun-Free School Zones Act. The commerce clause had been overextended and could not justify the law. [1995].
3 Right to Counsel 2/27
In Douglas vs. California (1963), the Warren Court clarified that 6th Amendment right to counsel meant "competent counsel," and, sometimes even "separate counsel" for two defendants. It also meant "right to counsel in their appeal process." Any other interpretation would violate the 14th Amendment's "equal protection of the laws" by favoring rich defendants.
In Alabama vs. Shelton (2002), five justices on the Rehnquist Court (excluding the Chief Justice), ruled that IF A DEFENDANT POSSIBLY FACED LOSS OF LIBERTY, he or she was entitled to government-appointed counsel. The fact that Shelton's two month sentence was suspended was of no consequence.
4 Battery (tort)* 3/6
A tort is a civil action. In Mohr vs. Williams (1905), "bad intent" did not have to be proven, as this was not a CRIME of battery. Performing an operation without a patient's permission can result in the TORT of battery: A JURY determines if the doctor had the patient's CONSENT if there is no other proof.
In Fischer vs. Carrousel Motor Hotel (1967), touching objects that are closely associated with a person's body (e.g., a plate in someone's hand) "forcefully and offensively" was ruled to consitute the TORT of battery. Damages for "mental suffering" can be added even if there is no physical wound.
5 Pre-Internet Interstate Commerce (federal)/Self-defense* 3/13
Self defense in West Virginia, 1935: Preece versus West Virginia: A trial judge did not instruct the jury in what constitutes legal self-defense. He told the jury that if the defendant were faced with death or bodily harm, that was self defense. BUT IF THE DEFENDANT REASONABLY BELIEVED HE WAS FACED WITH DEATH OR BODILY HARM, THAT WAS ALSO SELF-DEFENSE. Also a homeowner does not have to retreat from home invasion. Preece was awarded a new trial.
Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, 504 U.S. 298 (1992)--The Dormant Commerce Clause, legally inferred from the Interstate Commerce Clause, prevents "state protectionism," and, in the "Pre-E-Commerce Era," took precedence over ANY STATE LAW (including a state sales tax) that adversely affected interstate commerce. In 2018 the Court reversed this ruling, and on-line sales taxes are the norm.
6 Freedom of Religion on Private Property 3/27
Marsh v. Alabama. (1945) A corporation is NOT the same as a homeowner concerning property rights. A company owned town cannot restrict basic First Amendment freedoms.
Everson vs, Board of Education of the Township of Ewing, NJ (1947). Narrowly (5-4), SCOTUS ruled that state reimbursement for school transportation was legal for private (even religious) schools to receive, not just public ones. It does not constitute government establishment of religion. In dissent, it was stated that taxpayer dollars were being used to aid parents by transporting their children to a place where they were receiving religious instruction. Therefore religious teaching and learning were being "aided and supported."
7 Mandatory School Attendance 4/10
United States vs. Butler, 1936--The federal government cannot tax agricultural processors in order to use that money for farm subsidies. This is unconstitutional: a redistribution of money that Congress does not have the power to do. The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 is now doomed.
Wisconsin vs. Yoder, 1972 --A state's power to run schools is less powerful than citizens' free exercise of religion, especially when the citizens are being taught the skills they need in their society.
Plyler vs. Doe, 1982--Requiring possible illegal immigrant children to receive no state educational funding or to pay tuition violates the 14th Amendment, which guarantees ALL in a state's "jurisdiction" . . ."equal protection of the laws."
Rasul vs. Bush, 2004--If the U.S. is holding foreign nationals outside of the United States (even if the stated goal is fighting terrorism), those foreign nationals are entitled to habeas corpus as they are under the U.S.'s "complete jurisdiction and control."
8 State Residence and State Benefits 4/17
9 Privileges and Immunities Clause 4/24
10 Freedom of Assembly/Expression TBD
* State Cases
11.14.22 TREASON Article III, Section 3, Clause 1:
"Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court."
Schubert versus the United States, 1920
Henrik Schubert was a naturalized U.S. citizen–he had been born in Germany. The United States declared war on Germany in 1917. In July of 1918 citizens of El Paso reported to local police that Schubert had dined in a restaurant with two other gentlemen, and all three were speaking German.
In September of 1918, three Texas Rangers (out of uniform) acted on a tip and observed a meal at the same restaurant.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/rule_24 Federal Rules of Intervention in a Case
https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128216085/parkland-shooter-nikolas-cruz-sentenced
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/aggravating_circumstances
9/11 Trials
https://www.nytimes.com/article/september-11-trial-guantanamo-bay.html
Federalist #51
"But what is government itself, but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself."
Week 1, 8th Amendment: The Death Penalty
Furman vs. Georgia--Death penalty is unconstitutional (8th Amendment) if it is not applied using objective criteria (1972).
Gregg vs. Georgia--Death penalty is constitutional (8th Amendment) when objective criteria are applied (1976).
Atkins vs. Virginia--Death penalty cannot be applied to the intellectually challenged (2002).
Week 2, 2nd Amendment
United States vs. Hayes--When Congress's law states "a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence" precludes the convicted from owning a gun, it does not mean that the conviction itself has to emanate from a law that states "domestic violence"; if domestic violence occured in the crime, the convicted cannot own a gun.
District of Columbia vs. Heller--The introductory phrase ("clause") of the Second Amendment was intended to mean a citizen was “guaranteed an individual right to possess and carry weapons in case of confrontation.”
Week 3, Suspension of Habeas Corpus
Wright vs. West (1992)--New evidence does not automatically entitle a convicted individual to a new court hearing or trial.
Korematsu vs. U.S. (1944)--People jailed under a wartime executive order were not allowed court hearings to challenge the rationale for that order. [Later deemed one of the worst rulings in U.S. history.]
Ex parte* Mitsue Endo (1944)--*Case does not have involve a second party. If the government has already conceded the fact that you are loyal, you cannot be held under a wartime executive order.
Week 4, First Amendment: Speech and Expression
Schenck vs. U.S. During a war*, citizens DO NOT have all of their First Amendment Rights at the level they enjoy during peacetime.
Tinker vs. Des Moines. Students' First Amendment rights to expression (dress code, for example) can only be limited if it disrupts or reasonably may disrupt the normal operating procedure of a school. A dress code standard imposed solely for the purpose of suppressing an idea is unconstitutional.
*SCOTUS traditionally holds the nation to be at war if the vast majority of Americans back both the military action AND the president. If either is not true, SCOTUS swings towards traditional rights. Truman was unpopular when his Executive Order 10340 nationalizing the steel companies was overturned by the Court. The nation was debating the Vietnam War in 1971 when the Court said the "Pentagon Papers" could be published despite Nixon's opposition.
Week 5, Trial by Jury: What the Sixth Amendment Really Means
- Baldwin v. New York, 399 U.S. 66 (1970)--If a misdemeanor court can sentence a guilty party to six months or more in jail, IT MUST IMPANEL A JURY IF THE DEFENDANT WANTS ONE. (2) Peremptory challenges cannot be based on race.
- Week 6, The Right to Vote: A Continuing Struggle
Reynolds v. Sims (1964)
"Equal protection requires that state legislative districts should be comprised of roughly equal populations if possible.
In an 8-to-1 decision authored by Justice Earl Warren, the Court upheld the challenge to the Alabama system, holding that Equal Protection Clause demanded "no less than substantially equal state legislative representation for all citizens...."
Justice Harlan dissented, applying an originalist interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment, which in his opinion had not been meant by the drafters to protect voting rights. He suggested that the Court was intruding on federalism principles protecting the states in their control of local matters."--https://www.oyez.org/cases/1963/23https://www.oyez.org/cases/1963/23
Berger vs. North Carolina State Conference of the NAACP (2021)
By an 8 to 1 vote, the Court allowed the North Carolina Speaker and President Pro Tempore to help defend a North Carolina voter ID state constitutional amendment. Fourteen states and the District of Columbia opposed the intervention of the two legislators in the case. The Court said the legislators DID NOT HAVE TO PROVE THAT THE NC ATTORNEY GENERAL WAS DOING AN INADEQUATE JOB.
Sotomayor dissented. A FEDERAL court should not let a STATE decide who had proper standing to be a litigant in the federal judicial system; the state attorney general had in no way been shown to be inadequate in defending this law; allowing additional counsel to join him implied that he had.
Week 7, The 14th Amendment and Citizenship
Afroyim v. [Sec. of State Dean]Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967)
Voting in a foreign nation does not void an American's citizenship (whether the American is natural born or naturalized). An American law like the Nationality Act of 1940 is void if it contradicts the 14th Amendment.
Mackenzie v. Hare et al., Board of Election of San Francisco (1915)
Prior to the 19th Amendment, SCOTUS (Edward D. White, Chief Justice) ruled that a female U.S. citizen lost her citizenship upon marrying a foreign citizen--this upheld the Expatriation Act of 1907 and used English common law as a basis. This provision of the Expatriation Act was soon stricken, however.
Week 8, 4th Amendment Search and Seizure
Pennsylvania v. Mimms, 434 U.S. 106 (1977)
After a driver is lawfully detained for a violation, it is reasonable--and thus allowed by the 14th Amendment--to have him/her get out of the car. The policeman's safety outweighs such a minimal intrusion on the driver's rights. Once a bulge is noted in the driver's pocket, "reasonable suspicion" allows a search.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
Although Fourth Amendment restrictions on searches apply in schools, students' rights must be weighed against the maintenance of order in an educational setting. The standard does not require a warrant or the prerequisite to a warrant, "probable cause." Reasonable suspicion," for example a teacher claiming a student is smoking, is enough to begin a search. Further reasonable suspicion, for example the discovery of rolling papers in the top of a purse, is all that is needed to continue to search.
Week 9, 5th Amendment: Self-Incrimination, Qualified Immunity, Eminent Domain
Chavez v. Martinez (2003)
"Self-incrimination" is VIOLATED only if a DEFENDANT in a criminal case is required to testitfy against himself/herself. Coercive questioning by the police is not encouraged, but if it happens, qualified immunity may shield an officer from damages.
Kelo v. New London, Ct. (2005)
Within the 5th Amendment's concept of eminent domain, "public use" can be interpreted as "public purpose." Hence a city can use eminent domain to force a purchase of private property and sell it to another private entity IF THE INTENT IS TO BENEFIT THE PUBLIC. Note: The Iowa Supreme Court did NOT agree with SCOTUS's EXACT rationale, but still allowed the Iowa Utilies Board to use eminent domain for the Iowa portion of the Dakota Pipeline (2019). Puntenney, et al.'s appeal of the Iowa decision was not accepted by SCOTUS in 2020.
Week 10, Treason
From the Victims
Birds of travel, doves of peace:
We boarded them and were at ease.
But soon they turned to savage vultures,
Eager to destroy our culture.
Preying on fathers and mothers,
Ready to devour sisters and brothers,
Our friends, our doctors, our teachers,
Our realtors, our builders, our preachers:
None would be spared.
The vultures cared
Not whether you were Hindu or Jew,
Or Muslim or Christian or someone who knew
No religion. Death and fire and suffering and terror
Were the evil they sought to mirror.
But they failed, for now we look down in peace
Trying to issue each of our grievers a lease
On happiness by knowing
That the vultures will not be showing
Themselves again in our proud nation,
A great nation despite that day,
A nation now wary but chose love as its way--
Still choosing "live and let live," not making the error
Of mimicking vultures who sought death and terror.
We look down upon you with smiling faces:
You have moved forward while honoring our places.
Ed B.
nytimes.com
"STATES OF DISBELIEF"
Burning of Columbia. https://www.thecolumbiastar.com/articles/columbia-burned-but-this-sign-remained-heres-its-story/
Lesson 10 slideshow: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vQpAN23OhneiN9t99XiGLhupAzRp04rGWQkHqUuBSF-JddwEXKpawAfIiUl92FVuw/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan_Ballou
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fY1lmeL22jg Sullivan Ballou Letter/Ashokan Farerwell
"New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll" From: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html
"By Guy Gugliotta
For 110 years, the numbers stood as gospel: 618,222 men died in the Civil War, 360,222 from the North and 258,000 from the South — by far the greatest toll of any war in American history.
But new research shows that the numbers were far too low.
By combing through newly digitized census data from the 19th century, J. David Hacker, a demographic historian from Binghamton University in New York, has recalculated the death toll and increased it by more than 20 percent — to 750,000.
The new figure is already winning acceptance from scholars."https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/03/science/civil-war-toll-up-by-20-percent-in-new-estimate.html
Statistics From the War --
"Number or Ratio | Description |
---|---|
750,000 | Total number of deaths from the Civil War
|
504 | Deaths per day during the Civil War |
2.5 | Approximate percentage of the American population that died during the Civil War |
7,000,000 | Number of Americans lost if 2.5% of the American population died in a war today |
7,014 | Number of American soldiers who died in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (as of 11/13/19)
|
2,100,000 | Number of Northerners mobilized to fight for the Union army |
880,000 | Number of Southerners mobilized to fight for the Confederacy |
40+ | Estimated percentage of Civil War dead who were never identified |
66 | Estimated percentage of dead African American Union soldiers who were never identified |
2 out of 3 | Number of Civil War deaths that occurred from disease rather than battle |
68,162 | Number of inquiries answered by the Missing Soldiers Office from 1865-1868 |
4,000,000 | Number of enslaved persons in the United States in 1860 |
180,000 | Number of African American soldiers that served in the Civil War |
1 in 5 | Average death rate for all Civil War soldiers |
3:1 | Ratio of Confederate deaths to Union deaths |
9:1 | Ratio of African American Civil War troops who died of disease to those that died on the battlefield, largely due to discriminatory medical care |
100,000+ | Number of Civil War Union corpses found in the South through a federal reinterment program from 1866-1869 |
303,356 | Number of Union soldiers who were reinterred in 74 congressionally mandated national cemeteries by 1871 |
0 | Number of Confederate soldiers buried in those national cemeteries" |
"Here are the 10 states with the highest Civil War casualties:
- New York (39,000)
- Illinois (31,000)
- North Carolina (31,000)
- Ohio (31,000)
- Virginia (31,000)
- Alabama (27,000)
- Pennsylvania (27,000)
- Indiana (24,000)
- South Carolina (18,000)
- Michigan (13,000)"--https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/civil-war-casualties-by-state
Lesson 8, “Numbers,” Review:
(1) During the 1860s, the United States (a) lost much of its population b/c of the war (b) grew despite the war (c) was attacked by France via Mexico
(2) The Union’s supply of soldiers seemed endless because (a) of immigrants and the
freedmen (b) rich people could no longer hire substitutes (c) Russia sent nearly a
million troops
(3) Robert Smalls, Timothy Pitman, Harriet Tubman, and John Simmons illustrated (a) the positive effects of the Union draft (b) the advantages of fighting in your home state
(c)the diversity in the Union Army
(4) Desertion and anti-war sentiment (a) occurred in the North and South (b) occurred in the North (c)were fanned by Great Britain’s newspapers
(5) After July 4, 1863, the outcome of the war (a) was very much in doubt (b) tilted slightly towards the Union (c)was dependent upon whether the Union wished to continue fighting
Review of Things We Never Studied:
(1) Newspapers censored by the Union did NOT include: (a) the Alexandria Gazette (b) the Wichita Cattleman (c)the Baltimore Exchange
(2) The White House and the Confederate White House (a) were the sites of the deaths of Willie Lincoln and Joe Davis, respectively (b) were both hit by shells during the war
(c)were both open for tours during the war
(3) Union soldiers teased Thomas’s men about Chickamauga, so Thomas’s army (a)
refused to participate in an assault on Nashville (b) began to become undisciplined
because of drinking (c)captured Missionary Ridge, Tennessee without being ordered to
do so
(4) Who among the following was fond of George Gordon Meade? (a) Grant (b) Sheridan (c)Lincoln
(5) Despite capturing many Union horses, the Confederate cavalry was at times turned back by the Northerners because (a) of Custer (b) of seven-shot Spencer carbines (c)of
special horse whistles that caused Confederate mounts to throw riders
Questions to Consider During Lesson 9, "Punishment"
(1) If the result is a shorter war and more lives saved, is it right to destroy civilian property and make civilian living conditions miserable? For better or worse, this is the concept of TOTAL WAR. (2) Which general was most responsible for Lincoln's reelection? SHERMAN, for he captured Atlanta.
(3) How was Chesterfield important in the war in1864? Critical, for it protected Lee's flank (Petersburg) and kept Union vessels from attacking Richmond (Drewry's Bluff).
wikipedia.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsszvmuZBR4. Ken Burns' "The Civil War: The Universe of Battle"
Who didn't like whom?
Pickett or Stuart? battlefields.org
Sherman or Grant? Union Gen. George Thomas. wikipedia.org
Davis or Lincoln? Union Gen. George McClellan wikipedia.org
Hood or Johnson? Union General William T. Sherman battlefields.org
Beauregard or Lee? . Jefferson Davis wikipedia.org
Jefferson C. DavisJefferson F. Davis wikipedia.org wikipedia.org
https://weaponchangesinamericanhistory.weebly.com/minie-ball.html http://civilwarmedicalpractices.weebly.com/injuries.html
"The Minié ball didn’t just break bones, it shattered them. It didn’t just pierce tissue and internal organs, it shredded them. And if the ragged, tumbling bullet had enough force to cleave completely through the body, which it often did, it tore out an exit wound several times the size of the entrance wound. Civil War surgeons were quickly overwhelmed by the gaping wounds, mangled bodies and mutilated limbs they were asked to repair as the scope of the war broadened and casualties mounted. Though often accused of being too partial to their bone saws, amputating arms and legs as quickly as the men could be placed on their operating tables and subdued with chloroform or ether, the surgeons really had no choice. Even if they’d had the skills and resources to attempt reconstructive surgery, in the heat of battle they didn’t have the time."--http://civilwarrx.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-bullet-that-changed-history.html
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vTBz3sU9-i3jwI7av1iqDgOD3Sjre8M9hPsJPbrI1mHQcanVkZWWME4F4rK06Dctg/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000
LESSON 6: OUT OF THE VALLEY
HS222506, Monday, July 11: States of Disbelief VI: “Out of the Valley”
A. Review of material never studied:
(1)Robert E. Lee, after the war, said his most formidable Union
opponent was (a) McClellan (b) Meade (c) Grant
(2) General Jefferson C. Davis, when in the U.S. Army, shot
(a) a Mexican General at Buena Vista (b) his own superior [c] his
first father-in-law
(3) Britain built and launched (a) Ship #0290 (b) the Enrica
[c] The C.S.S. Alabama
(4) While many in the South went hungry, the North fed itself and
(a) Canada (b) Mexico (c) Europe
(5) By the end of 1861, the C.S.A. had admitted: (a) MO + KY (b)
MD + DE (c) KS + CO
B. From June 27:
(1)The Union Blockade shut down over 90% of the South’s economy
and eventually cut off the C.S.A.’s westernmost states; it also hurt
Britain and France’s textile industries and contributed to the Trent
Affair.
(2) McClellan’s slow movements and his retreats after the 7 Days’
Battles cripppled the Union during the Peninsula Campaign, while
poor Confederate communication, frontal assaults, and inferior
artillery kept Lee from destroying the Army of the Potomac.
(3) Battles went on in Arizona and New Mexico, as well as a ship
seizure off of Cuba, a ship duel off of France, and a raid in Vermont.
A Confederate privateer struck in the Caroline Islands, and fighting
even took place in Ohio.
____________________________________________________________________________
(C) Questions for Thought Today
(1) Why did Jackson’s former job at VMI give him such an
advantage?
(2) What was wrong with the Southern strategy of invading the
Union?
(3) For the Union, what were the military pluses and minuses of
the timing of the Emancipation Proclamation?
https://www.nps.gov/anti/learn/photosmultimedia/tour-stop-9.htm
https://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/x5zkb1
The Civil War Ken Burns
STATES OF DISBELIEF
"Pope persuaded Flag Officer Andrew Hull Foote to send a gunboat past the batteries, to assist him in crossing the river by keeping off any Southern gunboats and suppressing Confederate artillery fire at the point of attack. The USS Carondelet*, under Commander Henry Walke, slipped past the island on the night of April 4, 1862. This was followed by the USS Pittsburg, under Lieutenant Egbert Thompson two nights later. With the support of these two gunboats, Pope was able to move his army across the river and trap the Confederates opposite the island, who by now were trying to retreat. Outnumbered at least three to one, the Confederates realized their situation was hopeless and decided to surrender. At about the same time, the garrison on the island surrendered to Flag Officer Foote and the Union flotilla."--wikipedia.org
*Carried sharpshooters and scalding hoses--hoses that connected to the boiler to scald enemy boarders--in order to prevent capture. 1862, New Madrid, Island Ten
Class of 1838: 45 officers
#1 William H. Wright, 1st Lieutenant, died 1845
#2 P.T. Beauregard, General, CSA
#23 Irwin McDowell, Major General
Class of 1846: 59 officers
#1 Charles S. Stewart, Major, Corps of Engineers
#2 George McClellan, Major General
#17 Thomas J. Jackson, CSA Lt. Gen., 2nd Corps, Army of Northern VA
#59 George Pickett, Major General, CSA
Class of 1829: 46 officers
#1 Charles Mason, Chief Justice of Iowa
#2 Robert E. Lee, CSA Army of Northern Virginia
#13 Joseph E. Johnson, CSA Army of Tennessee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekthcIHDt3I
"Disease killed more people than everything else combined including gunshots, artillery, accidents, drowning, starvation, suicide etc…
The worst disease in the Civil War was Dysentery. Dysentery accounted for around 45,000 deaths in the Union army and around 50,000 deaths in the Confederate army.
The reason Dysentery and so many other diseases were able to spread so rapidly through both armies was primarily because of a lack of sanitation practices and contaminated water. Proper hygiene during this time was nonexistent."--https://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-diseases
"The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven."--Milton
"There is nothing good or bad, only thinking makes it so."--Shakespeare
https://www.prri.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/PRRI-Oct_2020_AVS.pdf
"PRRI (Public Religion Research Institute) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to conducting independent research at the intersection of religion, culture, and public policy."--prri.org
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/bleeding-kansas-maps.htm
September 2009
224 pages
ISBN 978-0-7006-1668-8
https://kansaspress.ku.edu/978-0-7006-1668-8.htm
"'Partisan' describes organized guerrilla bands fighting under Mexican regular officers officially sanctioned by the Mexican government."--https://history.army.mil/brochures/occupation/occupation.htm#b6
HS222506 “States of Disbelief” Lesson 1: May 16
1. Contrary to what secessionists said, legislation, judicial rulings, and
tariffs seemed to be going in the South’s favor in the mid-nineteenth
century.
2. The Nordic peoples known as Vikings held many slaves.
3. During the Crusades, religion was used as a reason to enslave.
4. Sadly, the African slave trade transcended both the
Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
5. European use of Native Americans for labor declined because the number of Native Americans declined astronomically.
6. Raleigh and his Protestants started plantations in Ireland.
7. The rights of blacks diminished in Virginia as the 17th century
progressed.
8. The North developed a manufacturing economy, whereas the South
thrived upon agriculture.
“If Slavery is Not Wrong, Nothing is
Wrong.”
Syllabus
May 16 --Into./Background
May 23 --"Bleeding Kansas"
June 6--Dred Scott, Brown's Raid, Election of 1860
June 13--Soldiers, Lifestyles; The War Begins
June 27--The Blockade, the American West, Peninsula Campaign, Shiloh
July 11--Valley Campaign, Antietam, Lincoln and Lee vs. McClellan
July 18--Lower Mississippi, Fredericksburg, Lifestyles
July 25--The Numbers, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Medicine
August 1--Overland Campaign, The Valley, Atlanta, the Election
August 8--George Thomas, Sherman, Breakthrough at Petersburg, Conclusion
Unforgiving Press, Constituents, and Comrades
When Lee failed to recruit well in western Virginia or defeat McClellan there in 1861: "GRANNY LEE"
When Lee was in charge of coastal defenses: "THE GREAT ENTRENCHER"
McClellan's very slow Peninsula Campaign: "THE VIRGINIA CREEPER"
Nathaniel P. Banks' continuous loss of Union supplies to Jackson: "COMMISSARY BANKS"
Harrisburg Patriot & Union on the Gettysburg Address: "THE SILLY REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT"
Chicago Times, ON THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS: "The cheeks of every American must tingle with shame as he reads the SILLY, FLAT, AND DISHWATERY UTTERANCES."
Northern press after Grant's attack on Cold Harbor: "THE BUTCHER"
“If he [JEFFERSON DAVIS] were to die today, the whole country would rejoice at it.”--P.G.T. BEAUREGARD, Southern General
"GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN INSANE."--Wire Services in the fall of 1861 when Sherman remarked it would take 200,000 men to win the war.
"He [McCLELLAN] has already done more to give strength and vigor to the rebellion than Jeff Davis." --Interior Secretary Caleb B. Smith
https://www.vox.com/2015/4/14/8396477/maps-explain-civil-war
Population By State 1860 N.Y. Times
https://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/x5zkb1
Ken Burns' The Civil War
https://connecticuthistory.org/the-ghost-ship-of-new-haven-sets-sail-shrouded-in-mystery/
Which colony . . . .
a) was, in its last attempt, supposed to be the city of Raleigh on the Chesapeake Bay?
b) contained a city called Saybrook, whose inhabitants thought Oliver Cromwell would join them?
c) contains a place called Bergen, where blue laws exist to this day?
d) was founded by Stephen Goodyear, whose wife disappeared on the New Haven Ghost Ship?
e) had a future Lord Proprietor of Carolina serve as a govenor and drive Puritans out?
f) contained Algonquins who drive the original Dutch settlers out?
g) could have been run by Quakers if there were no loyalty oath involved?
PURITAN NEW JERSEY, VIRGINIA, ROANOKE ISLAND, DELAWARE, PURITAN LONG ISLAND, CONNECTICUT, NORTH CAROLINA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6utWkHZvtIk FOUNDING OF GEORGIA
https://www.pbs.org/video/unc-tv-presents-birth-of-a-colony-north-carolina/
March 28: LESSON 9, HS482, LOST AND FOUNDED:
PENNSYLVANIA AND NORTH CAROLINA
1. Eastern and Western Pennsylvanians may have
argued with each other, but they united
against the French/Native American threat.
2. The Scotch Irish were important in settling PA and
NC, but were not welcome in Northern Ireland b/c
they were NOT Anglican.
3. The colony of Virginia tried to exercise
influence over part of North Carolina, but eventually
Charles II granted dominion to the Lords Proprietors.
4. Instability occurred b/c the Lords Proprietors tried to
run the colony from England/Britain.
5. Conflicts also occurred between Anglicans and
Quakers.
6. Massive immigration occurred due to the Great
Wagon Road.
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=cvfve New Haven Vessel
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=oozod Penn's Dad Used Them
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=zikfs Puritans Shared Long Island With
Backgound on Philly: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaaBxdJMALU
California, PA. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California,_Pennsylvania
Before Salem: Medieval Witch Trial. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rf71YotfykQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jz1BtVQlH4M Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
East Hampton was founded in 1648 by Puritans from various New
England towns . . . .the land was purchased by Connecticut from
Native Americans and resold to 34 colonists.
wikipedia.org
Southold, Long Island founded by New Haven Puritans
By United States Census Bureau - http://factfinder.census.gov, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6738191
Southampton, Long Island--settled by Puritans from Lynn, Mass. Map: wikipedia.org
March 14 HS482 Puritan High Tide
1. The “Father of Connecticut” is _____________.
2. The _____________________________were the
first colonial constitution.
3. Captain John Mason, who had run an English colony
on Newfoundland, obtained a charter for
______________________.
4. In the 1620s and 1630s Puritans settled south of the
___________________in Virginia.
5. Governor _______________restored Anglicanism in
Virginia by ______________the Puritans.
6. Virginia’s Puritans wrested control of Maryland from
_____________________.
7. Eastern New Jersey was settled by Puritans from
_____________________.
https://connecticuthistory.org/the-ghost-ship-of-new-haven-sets-sail-shrouded-in-mystery/#:~:text=An%20Apparition%20Appears%20in%20the%20Sky&text=A%20particularly%20wild%20summer%20thunderstorm,torn%20in%20the%20violent%20storm. PHANTOM SHIP OF NEW HAVEN
Were Puritans secretly "born to be wild?" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=egMWlD3fLJ8
https://youtu.be/rsvbHgE1ees: Roger Williams and America's First Baptist Church
March 7:
-
The Dutch West India Company focused on_____________.
-
Forts Nassau and Orange were near _________________.
-
Beavers were used for ____________________________.
-
Fort Amsterdam was on __________________island.
-
Peter Minuit ___________________Manhattan.
-
By 1647 ____________________began to make the colony organized, disciplined, and profitable.
-
Only English settlers, Lutherans, and those of the Dutch _____________Church worshiped openly.
-
Much of the Dutch ________________found its way into American English.
-
In 1664 ______________captured New Netherland, but New York City was eventually _______________. Eventually all
of New Netherland reverted to English rule.
-
However, America inherited a legacy including ______________________________________.
March 7: HS 482
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=docyp
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=zikfs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL4dOfgslio
https://abc13.com/health/4-gross-secret-ingredients-in-your-food/148503/
businessinsider.com
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=fodhd
https://mywordle.strivemath.com/?word=owfxi
John Winthrop, "City on a Hill"
onthisday.com
https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/20/ahead-of-thanksgiving-day-2017-a-look-back-inside-the-mayflower/
More about the Wampanoags of Massachusetts: http://www.native-languages.org/wampanoag_animals.htm
"Plymouth: The First Year" by Coronet Films: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB32_DWEUq8
Reverend Robert Hunt nps.org
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/colonial-america/early-chesapeake-and-southern-colonies/v/jamestown-life-and-labor-in-the-chesapeake Servitude in the Chesapeake
https://historicjamestowne.org/history/jamestown-timeline/ Jamestown Timeline
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfBz7OzGekg JAMESTOWN: THE BEGINNING
wikipedia.org
https://www.americanheritage.com/roanokes-lost-colony-found "Roanoke’s Lost Colony Found?" by American Heritage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmGuy0jievs In the Navy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfBz7OzGekg Jamestown: The Beginning
INTERACTIVE MAP Start at 13:00
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/maps/revolutionary-war-animated-map
wikipedia.org. COULD A RHODE ISLAND QUAKER SAVE THE SOUTH?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51BQfPeSK8k
8 November: “Stalemate,” Lesson 9 of Revolting Developments
1) By February, 1778, traditional rivalry, the U.S. win at Saratoga, and the diplomacy of Benjamin Franklin led France to enter the war.
2) Meanwhile, expert European officers trained the Continental Army.
3) Britain was no longer guaranteed control of the seas b/c of the French navy.
4) Washington and his men flexed their muscles at Monmouth.
5) In the West, George Rogers Clark captured Vincennes and Kaskaskia.
6) Results went back and forth in the North, but “Mad” Anthony Wayne captured Stony Point.
7) While British fleets still could wreak havoc, John Paul Jones proved the American Navy had a future.
8) A massive British invasion of the South meant Savannah remained in British hands and Charleston would fall soon.
9) However, American resistance stiffened in the Piedmont and mountainous portions of the South.
thoughtco.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2L052IJbg8
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III
By George
New Jersey State of Mind
"Chronological Table of the Capitals
First Continental Congress
September 5, 1774 to October 24, 1774:
Philadelphia, Carpenter’s Hall
Second Continental Congress
May 10, 1775 to December 12, 1776:
Philadelphia, State House
December 20, 1776 to February 27, 1777:
Baltimore, Henry Fite’s House
March 4, 1777 to September 18, 1777:
Philadelphia, State House
September 27, 1777 (one day):
Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Court House
September 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778:
York, Pennsylvania, Court House
July 2, 1778 to March 1, 1781:
Philadelphia, College Hall, then State House
Congress under the Articles of Confederation
March 1, 1781 to June 21, 1783:
Philadelphia, State House
June 30, 1783 to November 4, 1783:
Princeton, New Jersey, “Prospect,” then Nassau Hall
November 26, 1783 to August 19, 1784:
Annapolis, Maryland, State House
November 1, 1784 to December 24, 1784:
Trenton, New Jersey, French Arms Tavern
January 11, 1785 to Autumn 1788:
New York, City Hall, then Fraunce's Tavern
Congress under the Constitution
March 4, 1789 to August 12, 1790:
New York, Federal Hall
December 6, 1790 to May 14, 1800:
Philadelphia, Philadelphia County Building–Congress Hall
November 17, 1800:
Washington, U.S. Capitol" 1
Source: Robert Fortenbaugh, The Nine Capitals of the United States, page 9.
1 https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm
. Biting Satire. bbc.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qX5CO8yWVko James Bond
James Bond's Key to the Revolution
amazon.com
Victory or Death: The Battles of Trenton and Princeton: American Battlefield Trust
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgztif_DnfI
Julie Andrews on Dorchester Heights
The hills are alive with the sound of cannon
On rocks they have clung only this year
The hills fill my heart with the sound of British
My heart wants to sing as they leave in fear.
My heart wants to beat like the musket balls
That fall from the snipers in the trees
My heart wants to sigh like a chime that flies
From Old North Church on a breeze
To laugh like militia when 'Coats trip and fall over
Stones on their way
To sing through the night like a fleet that is sailing away.
I go to the hills when my cannon are ready
I know I will hear what I've heard before
My heart will be blessed with the sound of splashing
And I'll fire once more
irishtimes.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIIHgxtipEw
revolutionarywar.us. Battle of Long Island
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdPI6T1kqD0
amazon.com
https://www.c-span.org/video/?191887-1/through-howling-wilderness
amazon.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZyVv4pG27U Start at 23 min.
Top Ten List on the American Revolution!
BATTLE ROAD
CONCORD AND LEXINGTON
https://youtu.be/NGPyVHRxtOI?t=472
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4GduUWv-mA CARNAK
___1. 30,000 + a. George III's children
___2. 2 b. Americans dying on prison ships
___3. 15 c. former slaves Carleton emancipated
___4. 11,000+. d. # of items Franklin said swimmers need
___5. 3,000 e. Howe's invasion force at N.Y.C.
How Mercantilism Started the American Revolution:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWxvfkFbKy0
"Mask Letters
The true contents of letters were also hidden through the use of mask letters. These documents were intended to be viewed by a recipient who would place a shaped template over the full letter. The true message of the letter would then appear within the boundaries of the “mask.” The letter and the “mask” were usually delivered by separate couriers to ensure that the trick would go undetected."
https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/the-revolutionary-war/spying-and-espionage/spy-techniques-of-the-revolutionary-war/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGH9efC0R38
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNBPUGYBE8c
Monday
June 22, 29, July 6, 13
9:30:00 AM - 10:30:00 AM
Instructor: Ed Blackwell
See how Paine's words saved Washington's army. Find out how the Constitution is supposed to work. Discover the underpinnings of federal jurisprudence. � Listen to and study the words of the man who helped America reshape its ideals. Yes, the words--written or spoken--of Thomas Paine, James Madison, John Marshall, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., make them America's Shakespeares!
America's Shakespeares Lesson 7: John Marshall
America's Shakespeares, Lesson 6, James Madison
America's Shakespeares, Lesson 5: Thomas Paine
Instructor: Ed Blackwell
During over 200 years of the Republic, the United States has been blessed with political and historical word craftsmen second to none in the world. Among them are Jefferson, Lincoln, Holmes, and Kennedy. What did they write, and why are their writings words of genius? What techniques and content make them political pillars of the entire world? Find out from which of their works their most memorable rhetoric flowed and which of their words echo in our minds today. Included will be documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the Gettysburg Address, laws like the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, great court decisions such as "Schenck v. United States," famous inaugural speeches, and more!
May 27 Slideshow: Holmes, Part II and JFK
May 20 Slideshow: Lincoln, Part 2, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
news.harvard.edu
May 13 Powerpoint:
wikipedia.org
MAY 6 Powerpoint: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vQ__8SPIci6IUNW8289di0WpmseuCioonP46ngCubFpT0gP6-FCcdXI5WMYlb7FiQ/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000
wikipedia.org
VIRGINIA STATUTE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
1777/1779/1786
The original manuscript in Jefferson's hand no longer exists. The text of the act as drafted by Jefferson (and approved by the Revisors) as well as the changes adopted by the General Assembly is provided below, with the General Assembly deletions shown in italics and the Assembly's insertions shown within brackets):
Well aware that the opinions and belief of men depend not on their own will, but follow involuntarily the evidence proposed to their minds; that [Whereas] Almighty God hath created the mind free, and manifested his supreme will that free it shall remain by making it altogether insusceptible of restraint; that all attempts to influence it by temporal punishments, or burthens, or by civil incapacitations, tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness, and are a departure from the plan of the holy author of our religion, who being lord both of body and mind, yet chose not to propagate it by coercions on either, as was in his Almighty power to do, but to extend it by its influence on reason alone; that the impious presumption of legislators and rulers, civil as well as ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavoring to impose them on others, hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world and through all time: That to compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves and abhors, is sinful and tyrannical; that even the forcing him to support this or that teacher of his own religious persuasion, is depriving him of the comfortable liberty of giving his contributions to the particular pastor whose morals he would make his pattern, and whose powers he feels most persuasive to righteousness; and is withdrawing from the ministry those temporal[ry] rewards, which proceeding from an approbation of their personal conduct, are an additional incitement to earnest and unremitting labours for the instruction of mankind; that our civil rights have no dependance on our religious opinions, any more than on our opinions in physics or geometry; that therefore the proscribing any citizen as unworthy the public confidence by laying upon him an incapacity of being called to offices of trust and emolument, unless he profess or renounce this or that religious opinion, is depriving him injuriously of those privileges and advantages to which, in common with his fellow citizens, he has a natural right; that it tends also [only] to corrupt the principles of that very religion it is meant to encourage, by bribing, with a monopoly of worldly honours and emoluments, those who will externally profess and conform to it; that though indeed these are criminal who do not withstand such temptation, yet neither are those innocent who lay the bait in their way; that the opinions of men are not the object of civil government, nor under its jurisdiction; that to suffer the civil magistrate to intrude his powers into the field of opinion and to restrain the profession or propagation of principles on supposition of their ill tendency is a dangerous fallacy, which at once destroys all religious liberty, because he being of course judge of that tendency will make his opinions the rule of judgment, and approve or condemn the sentiments of others only as they shall square with or differ from his own; that it is time enough for the rightful purposes of civil government for its officers to interfere when principles break out into overt acts against peace and good order; and finally, that truth is great and will prevail if left to herself; that she is the proper and sufficient antagonist to error, and has nothing to fear from the conflict unless by human interposition disarmed of her natural weapons, free argument and debate; errors ceasing to be dangerous when it is permitted freely to contradict them.
We the General Assembly of Virginia do enact [Be it enacted by the General Assembly] that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer, on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.
And though we well know that this Assembly, elected by the people for the ordinary purposes of legislation only, have no power to restrain the acts of succeeding Assemblies, constituted with powers equal to our own, and that therefore to declare this act [to be] irrevocable would be of no effect in law; yet we are free to declare, and do declare, that the rights hereby asserted are of the natural rights of mankind, and that if any act shall be hereafter passed to repeal the present or to narrow its operation, such act will be an infringement of natural right.7
https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/virginia-statute-religious-freedom
www.slideshare.com
The Declaration Of Independence
Introduction
"Asserts as a matter of Natural Law the ability of a people to assume political independence; acknowledges that the grounds for such independence must be reasonable, and therefore explicable, and ought to be explained."
When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
Preamble
"Outlines a general philosophy of government that justifies revolution when government harms natural rights"
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.
Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience has shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.
But, when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.
Indictment
"A bill of particulars documenting the king's "repeated injuries and usurpations" of the Americans' rights and liberties"
Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature; a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states;
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;
For imposing taxes on us without our consent;
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury;
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses;
For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies;
For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments;
For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress, in the most humble terms. Our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Denunciation
"This section essentially finishes the case for independence. The conditions that justified revolution have been shown"
Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.
Conclusion
"The signers assert that there exist conditions under which people must change their government, that the British have produced such conditions and, by necessity, the colonies must throw off political ties with the British Crown and become independent states. The conclusion contains, at its core, the Lee Resolution that had been passed on July 2."
We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
- New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton
- Massachusetts: Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Hancock, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry
- Rhode Island: Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery
- Connecticut: Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott
- New York: William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris
- New Jersey: Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark
- Pennsylvania: Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross
- Delaware: George Read, Caesar Rodney, Thomas McKean
- Maryland: Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
- Virginia: George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton
- North Carolina: William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn
- South Carolina: Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward Jr., Thomas Lynch Jr., Arthur Middleton
- Georgia: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton
"The first and most famous signature on the engrossed copy was that of John Hancock, President of the Continental Congress. Two future presidents (Thomas Jefferson and John Adams) and a father and great-grandfather of two other presidents (Benjamin Harrison V) were among the signatories. Edward Rutledge (age 26) was the youngest signer, and Benjamin Franklin (age 70) was the oldest signer. The fifty-six signers of the Declaration represented the new states as follows (from north to south)"
SOURCE: wikipedia.org
JEFFERSON'S OMITTED PASSAGE
He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian King of Great Britain. Determined to keep open a market where Men should be bought & sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or restrain this execrable commerce. And that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them, by murdering the people on whom he has obtruded them: thus paying off former crimes committed again the Liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another.
https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/declaration-independence-and-debate-over-slavery/
www.todayifoundout.com
ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS [1689] https://constitution.org/eng/eng_bor.txt An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown Whereas the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster, lawfully, fully and freely representing all the estates of the people of this realm, did upon the thirteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-eight [old style date] present unto their Majesties, then called and known by the names and style of William and Mary, prince and princess of Orange, being present in their proper persons, a certain declaration in writing made by the said Lords and Commons in the words following, viz.: Whereas the late King James the Second, by the assistance of divers evil counsellors, judges and ministers employed by him, did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of this kingdom; By assuming and exercising a power of dispensing with and suspending of laws and the execution of laws without consent of Parliament; By committing and prosecuting divers worthy prelates for humbly petitioning to be excused from concurring to the said assumed power; By issuing and causing to be executed a commission under the great seal for erecting a court called the Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes; By levying money for and to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative for other time and in other manner than the same was granted by Parliament; By raising and keeping a standing army within this kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament, and quartering soldiers contrary to law; By causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law; By violating the freedom of election of members to serve in Parliament; By prosecutions in the Court of King's Bench for matters and causes cognizable only in Parliament, and by divers other arbitrary and illegal courses; And whereas of late years partial corrupt and unqualified persons have been returned and served on juries in trials, and particularly divers jurors in trials for high treason which were not freeholders; And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects; And excessive fines have been imposed; And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted; And several grants and promises made of fines and forfeitures before any conviction or judgment against the persons upon whom the same were to be levied; All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known laws and statutes and freedom of this realm; And whereas the said late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant, his Highness the prince of Orange (whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power) did (by the advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and divers principal persons of the Commons) cause letters to be written to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being Protestants, and other letters to the several counties, cities, universities, boroughs and cinque ports, for the choosing of such persons to represent them as were of right to be sent to Parliament, to meet and sit at Westminster upon the two and twentieth day of January in this year one thousand six hundred eighty and eight [old style date], in order to such an establishment as that their religion, laws and liberties might not again be in danger of being subverted, upon which letters elections having been accordingly made; And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation, taking into their most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare: That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; That the commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiastical Causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious; That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal; That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law; That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law; That election of members of Parliament ought to be free; That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament; That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted; That jurors ought to be duly impanelled and returned, and jurors which pass upon men in trials for high treason ought to be freeholders; That all grants and promises of fines and forfeitures of particular persons before conviction are illegal and void; And that for redress of all grievances, and for the amending, strengthening and preserving of the laws, Parliaments ought to be held frequently. And they do claim, demand and insist upon all and singular the premises as their undoubted rights and liberties, and that no declarations, judgments, doings or proceedings to the prejudice of the people in any of the said premises ought in any wise to be drawn hereafter into consequence or example; to which demand of their rights they are particularly encouraged by the declaration of his Highness the prince of Orange as being the only means for obtaining a full redress and remedy therein. Having therefore an entire confidence that his said Highness the prince of Orange will perfect the deliverance so far advanced by him, and will still preserve them from the violation of their rights which they have here asserted, and from all other attempts upon their religion, rights and liberties, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons assembled at Westminster do resolve that William and Mary, prince and princess of Orange, be and be declared king and queen of England, France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging, to hold the crown and royal dignity of the said kingdoms and dominions to them, the said prince and princess, during their lives and the life of the survivor to them, and that the sole and full exercise of the regal power be only in and executed by the said prince of Orange in the names of the said prince and princess during their joint lives, and after their deceases the said crown and royal dignity of the same kingdoms and dominions to be to the heirs of the body of the said princess, and for default of such issue to the Princess Anne of Denmark and the heirs of her body, and for default of such issue to the heirs of the body of the said prince of Orange. And the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do pray the said prince and princess to accept the same accordingly. And that the oaths hereafter mentioned be taken by all persons of whom the oaths have allegiance and supremacy might be required by law, instead of them; and that the said oaths of allegiance and supremacy be abrogated. "I, A.B., do sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to their Majesties King William and Queen Mary. So help me God." "I, A.B., do swear that I do from my heart abhor, detest and abjure as impious and heretical this damnable doctrine and position, that princes excommunicated or deprived by the Pope or any authority of the see of Rome may be deposed or murdered by their subjects or any other whatsoever. And I do declare that no foreign prince, person, prelate, state or potentate hath or ought to have any jurisdiction, power, superiority, pre-eminence or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm. So help me God." Upon which their said Majesties did accept the crown and royal dignity of the kingdoms of England, France and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging, according to the resolution and desire of the said Lords and Commons contained in the said declaration. And thereupon their Majesties were pleased that the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, being the two Houses of Parliament, should continue to sit, and with their Majesties' royal concurrence make effectual provision for the settlement of the religion, laws and liberties of this kingdom, so that the same for the future might not be in danger again of being subverted, to which the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons did agree, and proceed to act accordingly. Now in pursuance of the premises the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled, for the ratifying, confirming and establishing the said declaration and the articles, clauses, matters and things therein contained by the force of law made in due form by authority of Parliament, do pray that it may be declared and enacted that all and singular the rights and liberties asserted and claimed in the said declaration are the true, ancient and indubitable rights and liberties of the people of this kingdom, and so shall be esteemed, allowed, adjudged, deemed and taken to be; and that all and every the particulars aforesaid shall be firmly and strictly holden and observed as they are expressed in the said declaration, and all officers and ministers whatsoever shall serve their Majesties and their successors according to the same in all time to come. And the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, seriously considering how it hath pleased Almighty God in his marvellous providence and merciful goodness to this nation to provide and preserve their said Majesties' royal persons most happily to reign over us upon the throne of their ancestors, for which they render unto him from the bottom of their hearts their humblest thanks and praises, do truly, firmly, assuredly and in the sincerity of their hearts think, and do hereby recognize, acknowledge and declare, that King James the Second having abdicated the government, and their Majesties having accepted the crown and royal dignity as aforesaid, their said Majesties did become, were, are and of right ought to be by the laws of this realm our sovereign liege lord and lady, king and queen of England, France and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging, in and to whose princely persons the royal state, crown and dignity of the said realms with all honours, styles, titles, regalities, prerogatives, powers, jurisdictions and authorities to the same belonging and appertaining are most fully, rightfully and entirely invested and incorporated, united and annexed. And for preventing all questions and divisions in this realm by reason of any pretended titles to the crown, and for preserving a certainty in the succession thereof, in and upon which the unity, peace, tranquility and safety of this nation doth under God wholly consist and depend, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do beseech their Majesties that it may be enacted, established and declared, that the crown and regal government of the said kingdoms and dominions, with all and singular the premises thereunto belonging and appertaining, shall be and continue to their said Majesties and the survivor of them during their lives and the life of the survivor of them, and that the entire, perfect and full exercise of the regal power and government be only in and executed by his Majesty in the names of both their Majesties during their joint lives; and after their deceases the said crown and premises shall be and remain to the heirs of the body of her Majesty, and for default of such issue to her Royal Highness the Princess Anne of Denmark and the heirs of the body of his said Majesty; and thereunto the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do in the name of all the people aforesaid most humbly and faithfully submit themselves, their heirs and posterities for ever, and do faithfully promise that they will stand to, maintain and defend their said Majesties, and also the limitation and succession of the crown herein specified and contained, to the utmost of their powers with their lives and estates against all persons whatsoever that shall attempt anything to the contrary. And whereas it hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a popish prince, or by any king or queen marrying a papist, the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons do further pray that it may be enacted, that all and every person and persons that is, are or shall be reconciled to or shall hold communion with the see or Church of Rome, or shall profess the popish religion, or shall marry a papist, shall be excluded and be for ever incapable to inherit, possess or enjoy the crown and government of this realm and Ireland and the dominions thereunto belonging or any part of the same, or to have, use or exercise any regal power, authority or jurisdiction within the same; and in all and every such case or cases the people of these realms shall be and are hereby absolved of their allegiance; and the said crown and government shall from time to time descend to and be enjoyed by such person or persons being Protestants as should have inherited and enjoyed the same in case the said person or persons so reconciled, holding communion or professing or marrying as aforesaid were naturally dead; and that every king and queen of this realm who at any time hereafter shall come to and succeed in the imperial crown of this kingdom shall on the first day of the meeting of the first Parliament next after his or her coming to the crown, sitting in his or her throne in the House of Peers in the presence of the Lords and Commons therein assembled, or at his or her coronation before such person or persons who shall administer the coronation oath to him or her at the time of his or her taking the said oath (which shall first happen), make, subscribe and audibly repeat the declaration mentioned in the statute made in the thirtieth year of the reign of King Charles the Second entitled, _An Act for the more effectual preserving the king's person and government by disabling papists from sitting in either House of Parliament._ But if it shall happen that such king or queen upon his or her succession to the crown of this realm shall be under the age of twelve years, then every such king or queen shall make, subscribe and audibly repeat the same declaration at his or her coronation or the first day of the meeting of the first Parliament as aforesaid which shall first happen after such king or queen shall have attained the said age of twelve years. All which their Majesties are contented and pleased shall be declared, enacted and established by authority of this present Parliament, and shall stand, remain and be the law of this realm for ever; and the same are by their said Majesties, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled and by the authority of the same, declared, enacted and established accordingly. II. And be it further declared and enacted by the authority aforesaid, that from and after this present session of Parliament no dispensation by _non obstante_ of or to any statute or any part thereof shall be allowed, but that the same shall be held void and of no effect, except a dispensation be allowed of in such statute, and except in such cases as shall be specially provided for by one or more bill or bills to be passed during this present session of Parliament. III. Provided that no charter or grant or pardon granted before the three and twentieth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty-nine shall be any ways impeached or invalidated by this Act, but that the same shall be and remain of the same force and effect in law and no other than as if this Act had never been made.
March 4, 1801: First Inaugural Address
FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS,
Called upon to undertake the duties of the first executive office of our country, I avail myself of the presence of that portion of my fellow-citizens which is here assembled to express my grateful thanks for the favor with which they have been pleased to look toward me, to declare a sincere consciousness that the task is above my talents, and that I approach it with those anxious and awful presentiments which the greatness of the charge and the weakness of my powers so justly inspire. A rising nation, spread over a wide and fruitful land, traversing all the seas with the rich productions of their industry, engaged in commerce with nations who feel power and forget right, advancing rapidly to destinies beyond the reach of mortal eye -- when I contemplate these transcendent objects, and see the honor, the happiness, and the hopes of this beloved country committed to the issue and the auspices of this day, I shrink from the contemplation, and humble myself before the magnitude of the undertaking. Utterly, indeed, should I despair did not the presence of many whom I here see remind me that in the other high authorities provided by our Constitution I shall find resources of wisdom, of virtue, and of zeal on which to rely under all difficulties. To you, then, gentlemen, who are charged with the sovereign functions of legislation, and to those associated with you, I look with encouragement for that guidance and support which may enable us to steer with safety the vessel in which we are all embarked amidst the conflicting elements of a troubled world.
During the contest of opinion through which we have passed the animation of discussions and of exertions has sometimes worn an aspect which might impose on strangers unused to think freely and to speak and to write what they think; but this being now decided by the voice of the nation, announced according to the rules of the Constitution, all will, of course, arrange themselves under the will of the law, and unite in common efforts for the common good. All, too, will bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would be oppression. Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind. Let us restore to social intercourse that harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things. And let us reflect that, having banished from our land that religious intolerance under which mankind so long bled and suffered, we have yet gained little if we countenance a political intolerance as despotic, as wicked, and capable of as bitter and bloody persecutions. During the throes and convulsions of the ancient world, during the agonizing spasms of infuriated man, seeking through blood and slaughter his long-lost liberty, it was not wonderful that the agitation of the billows should reach even this distant and peaceful shore; that this should be more felt and feared by some and less by others, and should divide opinions as to measures of safety. But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same
principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.
If there be any among us who would wish to dissolve this
Union or to change its republican form, let them stand
undisturbed as monuments of the safety with which error
of opinion may be tolerated where reason is left free to
combat it. I know, indeed, that some honest men fear that
a republican government can not be strong, that this
Government is not strong enough; but would the honest
patriot, in the full tide of successful experiment, abandon
a government which has so far kept us free and firm on
the theoretic and visionary fear that this Government, the
world's best hope, may by possibility want energy to
preserve itself? I trust not. I believe this, on the contrary, the
strongest Government on earth. I believe it the only one where every man, at the call of the law, would fly to the standard of the law, and would meet invasions of the public order as his own personal concern. Sometimes it is said that man can not be trusted with the government of himself. Can he, then, be trusted with the government of others? Or have we found angels in the forms of kings to govern him? Let history answer this question.
Let us, then, with courage and confidence pursue our own Federal and Republican principles, our attachment to union and representative government. Kindly separated by nature and a wide ocean from the exterminating havoc of one quarter of the globe; too high-minded to endure the degradations of the others; possessing a chosen country, with room enough for our descendants to the thousandth and thousandth generation; entertaining a due sense of our equal right to the use of our own faculties, to the acquisitions of our own industry, to honor and confidence from our fellow-citizens, resulting not from birth, but from our actions and their sense of them; enlightened by a benign religion, professed, indeed, and practiced in various forms, yet all of them inculcating honesty, truth, temperance, gratitude, and the love of man; acknowledging and adoring an overruling Providence, which by all its dispensations proves that it delights in the happiness of man here and his greater happiness hereafter -- with all these blessings, what more is necessary to make us a happy and a prosperous people? Still one thing more, fellow-citizens -- a
wise and frugal Government, which shall restrain men
from injuring one another, shall leave them otherwise free
to regulate their own pursuits of industry and
improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor
the bread it has earned.
This is the sum of good government, and this is necessary to close the circle of our felicities.
About to enter, fellow-citizens, on the exercise of duties which comprehend everything dear and valuable to you, it is proper you should understand what I deem the essential principles of our Government, and consequently those which ought to shape its Administration. I will compress them within the narrowest compass they will bear, stating the general principle, but not all its limitations. Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none; the support of the State governments in all their rights, as the most competent administrations for our domestic concerns and the surest bulwarks against antirepublican tendencies; the preservation of the General Government in its whole constitutional vigor, as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad; a jealous care of the right of election by the people -- a mild and safe corrective of abuses which are lopped by the sword of revolution where peaceable remedies are unprovided; absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immediate parent of despotism; a well-disciplined militia, our best reliance in peace and for the first moments of war till regulars may relieve them; the supremacy of the civil over the military authority; economy in the public expense, that labor may be lightly burthened; the honest payment of our debts and sacred preservation of the public faith; encouragement of agriculture, and of commerce as its handmaid; the diffusion of information and arraignment of all abuses at the bar of the public reason; freedom of religion; freedom of the press, and freedom of person under the protection of the habeas corpus, and trial by juries impartially selected. These principles form the bright constellation which has gone before us and guided our steps through an age of revolution and reformation. The wisdom of our sages and blood of our heroes have been devoted to their attainment. They should be the creed of our political faith, the text of civic instruction, the touchstone by which to try the services of those we trust; and should we wander from them in moments of error or of alarm, let us hasten to retrace our steps and to regain the road which alone leads to peace, liberty, and safety.
I repair, then, fellow-citizens, to the post you have assigned me. With experience enough in subordinate offices to have seen the difficulties of this the greatest of all, I have learnt to expect that it will rarely fall to the lot of imperfect man to retire from this station with the reputation and the favor which bring him into it. Without pretensions to that high confidence you reposed in our first and greatest revolutionary character, whose preeminent services had entitled him to the first place in his country's love and destined for him the fairest page in the volume of faithful history, I ask so much confidence only as may give firmness and effect to the legal administration of your affairs. I shall often go wrong through defect of judgment. When right, I shall often be thought wrong by those whose positions will not command a view of the whole ground. I ask your indulgence for my own errors, which will never be intentional, and your support against the errors of others, who may condemn what they would not if seen in all its parts. The approbation implied by your suffrage is a great consolation to me for the past, and my future solicitude will be to retain the good opinion of those who have bestowed it in advance, to conciliate that of others by doing them all the good in my power, and to be instrumental to the happiness and freedom of all.
Relying, then, on the patronage of your good will, I advance with obedience to the work, ready to retire from it whenever you become sensible how much better choice it is in your power to make. And may that Infinite Power which rules the destinies of the universe lead our councils to what is best, and give them a favorable issue for your peace and prosperity.
SEPARATION OF CHURCH OF STATE
To messers Nehemiah Dodge, Ephraim Robbins, & Stephen S. Nelson, a committee of the Danbury Baptist association in the state of Connecticut.
Gentlemen
The affectionate sentiments of esteem & approbation which you are so good as to express towards me, on behalf of the Danbury Baptist association, give me the highest satisfaction. my duties dictate a faithful & zealous pursuit of the interests of my constituents, and in proportion as they are persuaded of my fidelity to those duties, the discharge of them becomes more & more pleasing.
Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between man & his god, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, and not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, thus building a wall of separation between church and state. [Congress thus inhibited from acts respecting religion, and the Executive authorised only to execute their acts, I have refrained from presenting even occasional performances of devotion presented indeed legally where an Executive is the legal head of a national church, but subject here, as religious exercises only to the voluntary regulations and discipline of each respective sect.] Adhering to this expression of the supreme will of the nation in behalf of the rights of conscience, I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties.
I reciprocate your kind prayers for the protection and blessing of the common Father and creator of man, and tender you for yourselves and your religious association, assurances of my high respect & esteem.
(signed)
Th Jefferson
Jan.1.1802.
Ten Crazy Tuesdays: Unforgettable U.S. Elections eblackwe58@gmail.com This course deals with concepts such as original intent, "the flexible document," republicanism, democracy, the two-party system, regionalism, third parties, federalism, rule of law, the electoral college, legislative power, and the role of the media in elections. What is legal? What is right? Are the two always reconciled to your satisfaction? The playing field will include the controversial elections of 1800, 1824, 1860, 1876, 1888, 1912, 1968, 1992, 2000, and 2016. Students will learn about "election deciders" like Alexander Hamilton, William Crawford, John Breckinridge, Ross Perot, and Ralph Nader. The foreign policy, economic development, and social climate of this nation has and will be shaped by…those crazy November Tuesdays! Suggested reading: “The Indispensable Electoral College” by Tara Ross.
March 30 Epilogue
Lesson 10--Election of 2016: From Pole to Pole
Interactive Map: You Control the Election of 2016 !
Video: Trump Asks Russia to Help Find Emails
Video: Hillary's "Basket of Deplorables" Remark
"Where Election Polling Went Wrong"
Key States Where Predictions Were Wrong
Trump Behind Hillary at Debate: One Perspective
Hillary's Thoughts on Trump Standing Behind Her
TAKE A QUIZ TO SEE HOW MUCH YOU REMEMBER ABOUT 2016
Lesson 10 Profiles
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Slides for Lessons 8 and 9 Essential Issues: 1992: Third Parties and Electorate Forgiveness/ 2000: A Nation of People or States?
Lesson 8: Perot Speaks Out on the Gulf War
Lesson 8 "Stand By Your Man"
Lesson 8: Bush in 1988--"Read My Lips"
Lesson 8 Boys II Men: "End of the Road"
Lesson 8: "The Shot"--Duke versus Kentucky
Lesson 8 Profiles
Lesson 7 "Please Come to Chicago" [site of Dem '68 Convention]
"Cry Like a Baby" by The Box Tops
"Hey Jude" by the Beatles
"Harper Valley PTA" by Jeannie C. Riley
"People Got to Be Free" by the Rascals
"The Dock of the Bay" by Otis Redding
"The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly" by Hugo Montenegro
"Honey" by Bobby Goldsboro
"Mrs. Robinson" by Simon and Garfunkel
"Love is Blue" by Paul Mauriat
"Hello, I Love You, Won't You Tell Me Your Name?" by The Doors
Evaluate now if you are a current student !
Lesson One Profiles:
Thomas Jefferson 1800 Candidate
Aaron Burr 1800 Candidate
Alexander Hamilton "Kingmaker"
Change History With An 1800 Interactive Electoral Map
12th Amendment Fixes the Article II Electoral Process
Federalist Party
Democratic Republican Party
Lesson Two Profiles:
Andrew Jackson 1824 Candidate
William Crawford 1824 Candidate
Henry Clay 1824 Candidate
John Quincy Adams 1824 Candidate
John C. Calhoun 1824 Vice Presidential Candidate
Faithless Elector in Colorado Wins Court Battle
Slideshow, Lesson 2(1824): Crashing the Party
Change History with an Interactive Election of 1824 Map
Lesson 3
Lesson 3 Slideshow: 1860--Four on the Floor
Change History With An 1860 Interactive Electoral Map
Mr. Smith Visits the Lincoln Memorial
Lesson Three Profiles:
William Seward 1860 Candidate
Salmon Chase 1860 Candidate
Abraham Lincoln 1860 Candidate
The Gettysburg Address (Ken Burns, PBS)
Stephen Douglas 1860 Candidate
John Bell 1860 Candidate
John Breckinridge 1860 Candidate
LESSON 4
Mr. Smith Visits the Lincoln Memorial
1860 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History with an Interactive 1876 Electoral Map
Lesson 4 Profiles:
Lesson 5
nydailynews.comuh.edufox8live.com
cnn.com
The McKinley Tariff That Was Ushered in by the 1888 Election
Active Versus Passive Government Under Harrison
The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band ad
"Let's Put It Over With Grover"
Lesson 5 -- The 1.09% Solution
Lesson Five Profiles:
Grover Cleveland 1888 Candidate
Benjamin Harrison 1888 Candidate
James Blaine, Front-runner Who Withdrew
Lesson 6: Bull (1912)
"Bull": The Election of 1912 Slideshow
Actual Footage of Theodore Roosevelt, 1912
Lesson Six Profiles
Lesson 7
LESSON SEVEN 1968: Long Division
Lesson 7 Profiles
Lesson 7 Videos
Making the PBS Documentary on Vietnam
LBJ Discovers Nixon is Telling S. Vietnamese to Shun Peace
"Dr. King and James Earl Ray," PBS
1968 Songs
Lesson 7 "Please Come to Chicago" [site of Dem '68 Convention]
wikipedia.org www.abebooks.com wikipedia.org
States of Disbelief: Twenty-five Facts You Never Knew About the Civil War
"The Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield and was unable to prevent Schofield from executing a planned, orderly withdrawal to Nashville.
The Confederate assault of six infantry divisions containing eighteen brigades with 100 regiments numbering almost 20,000 men, sometimes called the "Pickett's Charge of the West", resulted in devastating losses to the men and the leadership of the Army of Tennessee—fourteen Confederate generals (six killed, seven wounded, and one captured) and 55 regimental commanders were casualties."--https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Franklin_(1864)
First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln 3/4/61
Lincoln's First Inaugural Address (click)
REGIONAL DIVISION AND RESENTMENT: "It is time that we should look about us, and see in what relation we stand to the North. From the rattle with which the nurse tickles the ear of the child born in the South, to the shroud that covers the cold form of the dead, everything comes to us from the North. We rise from between sheets made in Northern looms, and pillows of Northern feathers, to wash in basins made in the North, dry our beards on Northern towels, and dress ourselves in garments woven in Northern looms; we eat from Northern plates and dishes; our rooms are swept with Northern brooms, our gardens dug with Northern spades, and our bread kneaded in trays or dishes of Northern wood, or tin; and the very wood which feeds our fires is cut with Northern axes, helved with hickory brought from Connecticut and New York."--http://libguides.uml.edu/c.php?g=529897&p=3714873, SOUTHERN COMMERCIAL CONVENTION, 1855
Harriet Tubman -- time.com
THE FICKLE FORTUNES OF WAR wikipedia.org McClellan and Lee: Before First Manassas, subordinates who were not on the same page and loyal Unionists doomed Lee in the Western Virginia campaign. McClellan became known as the "Young Napoleon" and Lee as "Granny Lee." Within 18 months McClellan was out to pasture and Lee was known as one of the greatest generals in history.
www.history.com Battle of First Manassas
"The average Civil War soldier was 26 years old, weighing 143 pounds and standing 5'8" tall." (Library of Congress) from https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/civil-war-casualties "The Civil War Military Draft Act,[1] was legislation passed by the United States Congress during the American Civil War to provide fresh manpower for the Union Army. A form of conscription, the controversial act required the enrollment of every male citizen and those immigrants who had filed for citizenship between ages twenty and forty-five . . . . . The policies of substitution and commutation were controversial practices that allowed drafted citizens to opt out of service by either furnishing a suitable substitute to take the place of the draftee or paying $300." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrollment_Act "The Confederacy passed the first American law of national conscription on April 16, 1862. The white males of the Confederate States from 18 to 35 were declared members of the Confederate army for three years, and all men then enlisted were extended to a three-year term. They would serve only in units and under officers of their state. Those under 18 and over 35 could substitute for conscripts, in September those from 35 to 45 became conscripts.The cry of "rich man's war and a poor man's fight" led Congress to abolish the substitute system altogether in December 1863. All principals benefiting earlier were made eligible for service. By February 1864, the age bracket was made 17 to 50, those under eighteen and over forty-five to be limited to in-state duty." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America#Raising_troops
Kansas-Nebraska Act, Bleeding Kansas, Rise of Repubicans
Lincoln's House Divided Speech
Reading of the "House Divided" Speech
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Peculiar_Institution
Syllabus: States of Disbelief (Civil War)—HS-419, 11:15-12:45
Sept. 23, Lesson 1: “If Slavery Is Not Wrong, Nothing is Wrong”: Background
HS 419 States of Disbelief, Lesson 1: "If Slavery is Not Wrong, Nothing is Wrong."
Sept. 30, Lesson 2: “Bleeding Kansas: Where the Civil War Began”: Turmoil in Kansas and Missouri
HS 419 States of Disbelief, Lesson 2: Bleeding Kansas
Oct. 7, Lesson 3: “The Noise of the Threatening Drum”: 1851-Sumter
HS 419 States of Disbelief, Lesson 3: Noise of the Threatening Drum
Reading of Lincoln's Acceptance Speech as Senatorial Nominee
Paranoia in South Carolina--Those Sneaky Abolitionists
Oct. 21, Lesson 4: “Grim-Visaged War”: Demographics; Rise of McClellan
HS 419 States of Disbelief, Lesson 4: "Grim-Visaged War"
Civil War in Westmoreland and Stratford
Oct. 28, Lesson 5: “Blood Will Have Blood”: Peninsula Campaign,The War at Sea, the Far West, 7 Days' Battles, Shiloh, Music
Civil War Generals of Irish Descent
"All Quiet Along the Potomac Tonight"
"Oh! Why Should the Spirit of Mortal Be Proud?": One of Lincoln's Favorites
"How Firm a Foundation": One of Lee and Jackson's Favorites
"Bonnie Blue Flag": A Southern Favorite
The Rebel Yell Supposedly Made Its Debut At First Manassas
Slideshow, Lesson 5: Blood Will Have Blood
Animated Map of the Peninsula Campaign
Nov. 4, Lesson 6: “Out of the Valley”: Valley Campaign, Locomotive Chase, McClellan’s Legacy
Making of "The Great Locomotive Chase"
Animated Map of Battle of Antietam
Listen to the Emancipation Proclamation
Burying the Dead at Gettysburg
pinterest.com Burying the dead at Antietam
wikipedia.org Confederate supply lines
Nov. 18, Lesson 7: “Let Loose the Dogs of War”: New Orleans, Memphis, Oklahoma, Fredericksburg, Baseball
Lesson 7: "Let Loose the Dogs of War"
Are we still fighting the Civil War?
Animated Map Battle of Fredericksburg
Civil War from Beginning to End
Nov. 25, Lesson 8: “Numbers”: Battle Losses, Enlistees, Support and Opposition to the War, Smalls and Tubman, 54th Massachusetts, Hospitals, Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Lesson 8 Presentation: "Numbers"
"Gettysburg Address" in Ken Burns' "The Civil War" (PBS)
Animated Gettysburg Battle Map
Into. Music to Vicksburg Battlefield Video
Acoustic Shadows at Gettysburg
Dec. 2, Lesson 9: “Punishment”: Redefining the Nation, Carnage in the East, Mobile Bay, Petersburg, Election of 1864, Sherman and Sheridan Wreak Havoc
Intro. to Burns' "The Civil War"
Sherman Speaks on the Nature of War
https://www.online-stopwatch.com/countdown-timer/
Richmond's Civil War Hospitals
Shortages on the Home Front in the Confederacy
Confederate Shortages Part Two
Overland Campaign Interactive Map
Burning of Atlanta History Channel
Dec. 9, Lesson 10: “Resolution?”: Savannah, Nashville, Pettiness, Desertion, Freedman’s Bureau, 13th Amendment, Inauguration, Surrender, Aftermath
Lesson 9 Review + Course Syllabus Review
Lesson 10, States of Disbelief: Resolution Slideshow
https://civilwarwiki.net/wiki/The_Dictator_Mortar
https://emailmeditations.wordpress.com/
Across the Fence: The Civil War from Vermont's Perspective
Thomas's Integrated Army Destroys Hood at Nashville
New Things I Learned (HS 419)
- The British had already tried plantations in (a) Ireland (b) Scotland
- Slavery was not recognized in Virginia until (a) 1619 (b)166
- Future Union States had at least (a) five (b) eight of the ten largest cities in each decennial census, 1790-1860.
- McCormick and Anderson’s reaper meant the Plains and the Midwest would be (a) slave (b) free
- Ulysses S. Grant personally (a) opposed (b) encouraged the Mexican War.
- The shooting war in Kansas was precipitated by (a) the Compromise of 1850 (b) “popular sovereignty”
- The (a) Pottawatomie Creek (b) Antietam Creek Massacre was murders by the Brown family.
- In the 1850s Lee hated being (a) superintendent at West Point (b) serving in the Army in Texas
- In the 1850s Grant failed at being (a) superintendent at West Point (b) a farmer in Missouri who used slave labor
- Lincoln swayed the (a) majority (b) minority of Illinois voters at the polls to vote Republican in his 1858 Senate race versus Douglas.
- In the 19th century, the best-selling novel in the United States was (a) Moby Dick (b) Uncle Tom’s Cabin
- Harriet Tubman (a) did (b) did not always trust Lincoln’s motives.
- Lee was (a) praised (b) ridiculed in the South b/c of his 1861 Western VA Campaign.
- The number of Civil War photos was said to reach (a) seven (b) six figures.
- (a) 0 (b) 2 Union soldiers were mortally wounded in the Battle of Ft. Sumter.
- (a) New York (b) Frankfurt was the 3rd largest German-speaking city in 1860.
- Ironclad ships, battlefield photography, and army nurses began in the (a) Crimean (b) Civil War.
- (a) Glorietta Pass (b) Santa Fe was an 1862 battle sometimes called “the Gettysburg of the West.”
- Longstreet’s failure to go down (a) Parham Road (b) Nine Mile Road led to a stalemate at Seven Pines.
- (a) All Quiet Along the Potomac Tonight (b) The Battle Hymn of the Republic was sung by both sides.
- Stonewall Jackson covered (a) 390 miles in 60 days (b) 646 miles in 48 days in winning victories against three Union armies in the Shenandoah Valley.
- James Andrews (a) did (b) did not receive the Medal of Honor for stealing The General.
- Until 1942, (a) the surrender at Harper’s Ferry (b) the surrender in the Crater was the largest one the U.S. Army ever had.
- Jefferson Davis named (a) Joseph Hooker (b) Benjamin Butler a war criminal.
- The delay of Burnside’s (a) pontoon bridges (b) cavalry led to slaughter at Fredericksburg.
- The (a) Seminole (b) Tonwaka tribe was nearly completely destroyed by pro-Union Native Americans in Oklahoma.
- Immigrants and their sons made up roughly (a) 43% (b) 25% of Union forces.
- By 1865 (a) 5% (b) 10% of the Union military were black enlistees.
Mexican-American War in Five Minutes
The Mexican-American War: Khan Academy
The American Civil War: Every Day
History of Slavery, National Geographic
geni.com WHO GRADUATED AHEAD OF GEORGE McCLELLAN AND STONEWALL JACKSON IN THE WEST POINT CLASS OF 1846?
Intro to the PBS Series "The Civil War" by Ken Burns
African Americans at Jamestown
SHOW INTEREST IN ECONOMICS
Friedman's Lesson of the Pencil
PBS Stock Market Crash and Beginning of the Depression PBS
LESSON 5: Federal Reserve, Faux Communism, Great Depression, What Gold?, and More Slideshow
Lesson 4: Industrial Revolution, Karl Marx, and America's Rollercoaster Slideshow
Currency During the Revolution Slideshow
Chair the Federal Reserve Interactive Game
Hamilton and the National Debt Video Lesson 3
Jackson and the National Bank Lesson 3 Video
LESSON THREE: Economics for a New Nation Slideshow
LESSON TWO: Mercantilism and Adam Smith Slideshow
Adam Smith: Ideas That Changed the World"
LESSON TWO: Video, How Mercantilism Led to the American Revolution
LESSON TWO: Video, "Adam Smith, the Inventor of the
LESSON TWO: "The Real Market Economy"
LESSON TWO: Video, "Adam Smith, Morality and Markets"
LESSON TWO: Mercantilism by Investopedia
BOOK ONE (AUDIO): Wealth of Nations
PROJECT GUTENBERG: Download and Read "Wealth of Nations"
LESSON ONE: Prehistory to Barter to Money Slideshow
Economics Federal Reserve Districts
ECONOMICS Original Dow Jones Industrial Stocks
ECONOMICS Revised Lesson 1 Slideshow
Economics STORY OF MONEY
Economics NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
ECONOMICS Federal Reserve Districts
Lesson 5 Revised, Improved Slide Show: Torts, Liability, Damages
Tort Law in Under Six Minutes !
Duty, Breach, Causation, Damages = Negligence
Lesson 5 Revised, Improved Slide Show: Torts, Liability, Damages
"Won't You Be My Legal Neighbor?"
Tort of "Duty of Care" . . . . .. . .At a Snail's Pace
Should I Sue for Emotional Distress?
Tort Law from the University of Pennsylvania
Khan Academy on the 4th Amendment
PBS Crash Course on Search and Seizure
"Your Weekly Constitutional" Podcasts
Diagram of Governmental Powers
Evading the Draft and Voting in a Foreign Election at One Time Could Void One's Citizenship
Foreign Residence and Forced Foreign Military Service Doesn't Always Negate Citizenship
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
COMMERCIAL INTERRUPTION
9:00am
EF131 - Basics of Economics
9:00am – 10:30am
DescriptionJune 5, 12, 26, July 3, 10 Instructor: Edward Blackwell What if Adam Smith critiqued FDR? What if Milton Friedman interviewed Karl Marx? Learn the basic terms of economics and the basic types of economies. Watch Adam Smith develop capitalism, Karl Marx develop Communism, and discover Hamilton, Jackson, Wilson, FDR, and Nixon's contributions to the American Economic System. Study the organization of the Federal Reserve, be ignited by Maynard Keynes, and learn that fiat isn't always a car!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Week Three Slide Show: Amendment 14 and Citizenship
Citizenship Revoked for Voting in a Foreign Election
Citizenship Cannot be Revoked for Voting in a Foreign Election
One American's Family Has Roots in Two Major Cases
One Cannot Apply the infamous Chinese Exclusion Act to a Natural-Born Citizen
Internment of Citizens During WWII Challenged in Court
Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus, Ignores Chief Justice
Telling Others to Ignore the Draft Can Have Penalty in Time of War
Malice is a Standard in Libel Cases
Interstate Commerce Clause as Applied by Elastic Clause
U.S. v. O'Brien: 1st Amendment and Protests Involving Draft Cards
Tinker versus Des Moines: Prohibition of Freedom of Expression in Schools
Bose versus Consumers Union: What If a Product is Inaccurately Described?
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.: "There is no such thing as a false idea."
Week One Slide Show--Interstate Commerce
Constitution Site Three: INTERACTIVE
Constitution Site Four: Annotated
Week Two Slide Show: The 1st Amend., Treason, and Libel
Week Four Slide Show: 4th Amendment Search and Seizure
pinterest.com
LIMERICK FOR NEW DEAL
SUBSIDY IS A WORD NOTHING RHYMES WITH,
BUT ROOSEVELT GAVE THE ECONOMY A FINE SNIFF
INVENTING THE LAW AAA
CONTROLLING EVEN THE HAY
FEWER CROPS GAVE CROP PRICES A NICE LIFT !
Even if it stays on your farm, it affects interstate commerce !
Click above for Wickard v. Filburn
Gun-Free School Zones ARE NOW REINSTATED (Title 18 U.S.C Section 922) , but the original law (section 1702 of the Crime Control Act of 1990) was UNCONSTITUTIONAL b/c it stretched the Interstate Commerce Clause too far. CLICK HERE.
The Interstate Commerce Clause can be used to fight racial discrimination.
Click above for Katzenbach versus McClung.
HS389 - Court Decisions: “You Try It”
Ed Blackwell
eblackwe58@gmail.com
March 14: “How Wide Reaching is the Interstate Commerce
Clause?”
March 21: “The First Amendment, Treason, and Libel”
March 28: “Can Fourteenth Amendment Citizenship Conditions
be Voided?”
April 11: “Fourth Amendment Search and Seizure”
April 18: “Tort Litigation, Negligence, Punitive Damages”
TEN CRAZY TUESDAYS
Ten Crazy Tuesdays: Unforgettable U.S. Elections Monday Sept 10, 17, 24, Oct 1, 15, 29, Nov 5, 19, 26, Dec 3 11:15-12:45 Edward Blackwell eblackwe58@gmail.com
HS183375Course:
Instructor(s): This course deals with concepts such as original intent, "the flexible document," republicanism, democracy, the two-party system, regionalism, third parties, federalism, rule of law, the electoral college, legislative power, and the role of the media in elections. What is legal? What is right? Are the two always reconciled to your satisfaction? The playing field will include the controversial elections of 1800, 1824, 1860, 1876, 1888, 1912, 1968, 1992, 2000, and 2016. Students will learn about "election deciders" like Alexander Hamilton, William Crawford, John Breckinridge, Ross Perot, and Ralph Nader. The foreign policy, economic development, and social climate of this nation has and will be shaped by…those crazy November Tuesdays! Suggested reading: “The Indispensable Electoral College” by Tara Ross
brainscape.com
"Dr. King and James Earl Ray," PBS
Lesson 7 "Please Come to Chicago" [site of Dem '68 Convention]
1992 60 Minutes Interview With the Clintons
Trump Criticizes 1987 U.S. Trade Policy
Acrimony in 2016 Campaign as Shown in 2nd Debate
What Happens To Electors Who Defy the Popular Vote in Their States?
List of Presidents (Illustrated)
Slides for Lesson 1 Essential Issue: Rule of Law or Direct Democracy ?
Change History With An 1800 Interactive Electoral Map
Slides for Lesson 2 Essential Issue: Majority Rules or Plurality Rules ?
Slides for Lesson 3 Essential Issue: What Happens When Parties Ignore a Crisis ?
Slides for Lesson 4 Essential Issue: Two Slates of Electors Per State ?
Slides for Lesson 5 Essential Issues: Party Unity and Understanding Demographics
Slides for Lesson 6 Essential Issue: Causes, Importance, and Effects of a Third Party, The 3-Term Dilemma
Slides for Lesson 7 Essential Issue: Elections During National Crises
Slides for Lessons 8 and 9 Essential Issues: 1992: Third Parties and Electorate Forgiveness/ 2000: A Nation of People or States?
Slides for Lesson 10 Essential Issues: Public Opinion Polling; Faithless Electors
Change History With An 1824 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History With An 1860 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History With An 1876 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History With An 1888 Interactive Electoral Map
Democrats versus Republicans from aforementioned
Change History With a 1912 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History With a 1968 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History With a 1992 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History With a 2000 Interactive Electoral Map
Change History With a 2016 Interactive Electoral Map
Lesson One Profiles:
Thomas Jefferson 1800 Candidate
Aaron Burr 1800 Candidate
Alexander Hamilton "Kingmaker"
Lesson Two Profiles:
Andrew Jackson 1824 Candidate
William Crawford 1824 Candidate
Henry Clay 1824 Candidate
John Quincy Adams 1824 Candidate
John C. Calhoun 1824 Vice Presidential Candidate
Lesson Three Profiles:
William Seward 1860 Candidate
Salmon Chase 1860 Candidate
Abraham Lincoln 1860 Candidate
The Gettysburg Address (Ken Burns, PBS)
Stephen Douglas 1860 Candidate
John Bell 1860 Candidate
John Breckinridge 1860 Candidate
Lesson 4 Profiles:
Lesson Five Profiles:
Grover Cleveland 1888 Candidate
Benjamin Harrison 1888 Candidate
James Blaine, Front-runner Who Withdrew
Lesson Six Profiles
Lesson 7 Profiles
Lesson 8 Profiles
Lesson 9 Profiles
Lesson 10 Profiles
Syllabus (Meeting Time: 11:15-12:45)
September 3--Labor Day, No Class
September 10--House Rules: Election of 1800
September 17--Crashing the Party: Election of 1824
September 24--Four on the Floor: Election of 1860
October 1--Let's Make a Deal: Election of 1876
October 8--Columbus Day, No Class
October 15--The 1.09% Solution: Election of 1888
October 22--LLI Appreciation Day, No Class (Check LLI site for special activities)
October 29--Bull: Election of 1912
November 5--Long Division: Election of 1968
November 12--Veteran's Day, No Class
November 19--No Class
November 26--Three's Company: Election of 1992 & State of the State: Election of 2000
December 3--From Pole to Pole: Election of 2016
Have Fun!
The Team at Educator Pages